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Science Chemistry Separation processes

Separation processes

Phase separations

Other separations

Absorption (chemistry)

Chemical process

Phenomenon of surface adhesion

Chemical process

Mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions do not change following distillation

Azeotropic distillation

Any of a range of techniques used to break an azeotrope in distillation

Theory for physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface

Phenomenon of surface adhesion

Set of physico-chemical techniques developed for the separation of mixtures

Column chromatography

Method used to purify individual chemical compounds from mixtures of compounds

Condenser (laboratory)

Laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors

Continuous distillation

Form of distillation

Cross-flow filtration

Filtration technique

Cyclonic separation

Method of removing particulates from a fluid stream through vortex speration

Dean–Stark apparatus

Chemical lab apparatus for collecting water from a reactor

Hygroscopic substance that induces or sustains a state of dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity

Method of separating mixtures

Removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid

Eutectic system

Mixture with a lower melting point than its constituents

Extraction (chemistry)

Chemical separation of a substance from a matrix

Process that separates solids from fluids

Flash evaporation

Partial vapor that occurs when a saturated liquid stream undergoes a reduction in pressure by passing through a throttling valve or other throttling device

Process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to precipitate as floc or flake

Fractional crystallization (chemistry)

Method for refining substances based on differences in their solubility

Fractional distillation

Separation of a mixture into its component parts

Fractional freezing

Process used to separate substances with different melting points

Fractionating column

Artifact used in distillation of liquid mixtures

Low temperature dehydration process

Freundlich equation

Empirical adsorption isotherm

Gas chromatography

Type of chromatography

Gel permeation chromatography

Type of size exclusion chromatography (SEC)

High-performance liquid chromatography

Technique used in analytical chemistry

Ion chromatography

Chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger

Langmuir adsorption model

Model describing the adsorption of a mono-layer of gas molecules on an ideal flat surface

Liquid–liquid extraction

Method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent; extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase

Microfiltration

Physical process where a fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane

Membrane filtration process

Phase separation

The creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture

Process in which the electronic structure of the atom or molecule is barely perturbed upon adsorption

Random column packing

Recrystallization (chemistry)

Separation and purification process of crystalline solids

Reverse osmosis

Water purification process

Tendency for particles in suspension to settle down

Separation process

Method that converts a mixture or solution into two or more distinct products

The process by which particulates settle to the bottom of a liquid and form a sediment

Soxhlet extractor

Laboratory apparatus

Method of converting liquid or slurry to powder

Steam distillation

Separation or extraction process for organic compounds

Stripping (chemistry)

Separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream

Suction filtration

Fast filtration technique

Theoretical plate

Thin-layer chromatography

A chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures

Ultrafiltration

Filtration by force through a semipermeable membrane

Vacuum distillation

Distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy

Treatment to dry materials using vaccuum

Van Deemter equation

Relation in chromatography

Vapor–liquid separator

A device used in several industrial applications to separate a vapor–liquid mixture.